MGT 501 Mgmt. and Org. Behavior Organizations as POLITICAL SYSTEMS - Essay

MGT 501 Mgmt. and Org. Behavior Organizations as POLITICAL SYSTEMS - systems of political activity, with patterns of competing interests, conflict and power - Essay Example how things have changed over the years and how an individual needs to act if he / she want to survive their job. Any kind of loose talk or gossip can prove to be very expensive for the individuals and hence a great deal of care needs to be taken. The two articles have in their own ways brought out the various points of how individuals can manage their position in the offices without getting into the bad books of either their colleagues or the bosses. The main difference of the two articles however is that Kennedy provides insights on how to effectively lead a team and more importantly how to manage teams in the current times. She explains how the leadership was different in earlier times and how people now prefer to be led than managed. This is clear from the statement in the article, ‘Old style management is out. Younger workers, especially, dont want to be managed. They want to follow someone who knows where he or she is going. They want to be taught, not directed. Labor shortages intensify when physician executives dont adapt their styles’ (Kennedy). Both the authors have presented very similar topics however have explained them in very different manners. Kennedy explains the politics and leadership in a manner which is more as a solution and advice to be good leaders in the current times, while Sun has given a clear cut explanation of the politics and ways to avoid them in a very diplomatic manner. This is clear from the statement made in the article, ‘Suppose your co-workers start complaining about the boss. If you join in, it makes you look disloyal to the boss’, he advices the individuals to reply as, ‘Come on, arent we exaggerating? [name of boss] really isnt THAT bad’ (Sun). Hence as seen it is clear that the two authors have in their own ways shown how to deal with politics in a company. Considering the topic of managing power in social relationships, it is important to note that this requires a high deal of

Interpersonal Conflict in the Movie Hitch Essay Example for Free

Interpersonal Conflict in the Movie Hitch Essay This article to me proves to be somewhat true. I do feel that when you are in a relationship with someone you do tend to feel that you know this person well and can understand what the other person is simply saying at that time. When you are the person trying to communicate it should be as clear as possible. Like in the article the man misunderstood what she was saying but he had no way of knowing because if she was hot temperature wise she should have just said it in a way where he would know she meant temperature wise. This could also put a major strain on relationship between people. There would always be arguments or something because you and whoever would never be able to communicate successfully with one another. It would be nothing but miscommunication because you would have thought that you would be close enough to someone appears to create the illusion of understanding more than actual understanding. (U. S. News World Report) Miscommunication played a major role in something that happen to me one day. We were having a pizza party for the class and we need to buy extra pizza for the teachers because the kids could only eat cheese. The issue was that some did not eat the same type of pizza as others. So, after that a coworker and I decided we wanted supreme and the others wanted chicken pizza. My understanding was that her and I was going half and half on the supreme pizza because when we made the order we both were telling our coworker what we did and did not want on the pizza. As the pizza arrived they gave her a whole pizza and they brought a supreme pizza upstairs which we was trying to figure out who pizza it was because other people was asking for some but we did not want to give it away until we knew who the pizza belonged to. However, after talking to my coworker she stated that the others thought we had just took their pizza to because it was in our class and did not know they were sending people to ask for the pizza because it was in our room but how were we suppose to know. It got me kind of upset and she told me not to worry about it. So later that day in the meeting after school I felt I needed to address the problem and told my coworkers how were we suppose to know the pizza in our room because our class is upstairs and you guys did not want the kids to see that type of pizza because they could not be offered any. They should have told us that they were coming to our room to eat instead of thinking we were trying to take the pizza they bought. From that day forward we made sure that we understand clearly what we are ordering and doing when it comes to lunch time or whatever.

Billy Collins: A Great American Poet Essay examples -- Poetry Analysis

â€Å"I ask them to take a poem and hold it up to the light like a color slide or press an ear against its hive†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (3); so begins a poem titled â€Å"Introduction To Poetry† by Billy Collins. â€Å"Introduction To Poetry† is, in fact, the introduction to a collection of poetry called Poetry 180, a program started by Collins during his time as poet laureate for the United States. The aim of this program is to get people, especially teenagers, interested in or reconnected with poetry. Collins selected an assortment of poems that are just fun to read and not meant to be discussed; he says in the forward to the collection, â€Å"High school is the focus of my program because all too often it is the place where poetry goes to die† (xvii). Collins was honored with the title of poet laureate in 2001 because of his own outstanding poetry. Billy Collins is considered by some to be the greatest American poet since Robert Frost because he connects with his read ers, he makes the mysterious ordinary, and he portrays the ordinary as mysterious. Billy Collins has been called â€Å"accessible without being [mundane]† (Pool, par.1). Collins is relatable because he takes situations that most people have been through and puts them into words that are at the same time comic and thought provoking. (Collins once said, â€Å"The perfect poem for me to write would be a poem in which the reader couldn’t tell at any point whether the poem was serious or humorous†). In the poem â€Å"Forgetfulness†, Collins describes the frantic feeling that comes when a fact floats out of the brain. The person experiencing this tragic but everyday occurrence struggles to bring it back, but â€Å"the memories [the person] used to harbor decided to retire to the southern hemisphere of the brain, to a little... ...riousness of this 10-year-old dealing with morality for the first time.† Words, objects, and events take on a deeper meaning through Billy Collins. Collins’ poems aren’t preachy or meant to teach a lesson; their purpose is to help readers be exposed to different ways of seeing things. Collins seems to go through life with his head slightly tilted; he finds amusement in both the ordinary and mysterious, and has a gift for being able to portray his insights in a way readers find accessible and often witty. Nothing is too lofty or insignificant for Collins to write about; he once said, â€Å"I think my work has to do with a sense that we are attempting, all the time, to create a logical, rational path through the day. To the left and right there are an amazing set of distractions that we usually can’t afford to follow. But the poet is willing to stop anywhere.†

Silent Features of the British Constitution

The English Constitution has made a great circuit of the globe & has become a common possession of civilized man. (G. B Adams) A Constitution means certain principles on which the Government of the State is organized & which determines the relations between the people & the Government the Constitution of British is unique in nature & has provided inspiration for a number of other constitutions in the world.Following are the salient features of the British Constitution.Unwritten:The British Constitution is unwritten in nature but it does not imply that all of its parts are unwritten. It means that it has not been reduced to writing in a single document. Some of the components are found in written from. Such as the Reform Act, 1832, the Parliament Act of 1911 etc.Evolution Growth:British Constitution is a result of an evolutionary growth. Constitution efforts as well as needs of time shaped its spontaneous growth.Flexible Constitution:British Constitution is a flexible Constitution & p arliament can amend it like alterations in the statutory laws by a simple majority.Unitary:British have unitary constitution. All powers of the state are concentrated in the hands of a single government for the whole country. There are no units or states in British.Bicameralism:The Parliament consists of two chambers House of Lords & House of Commons. The House of commons is a popular chamber whose member directly elected by the people while the House of Lords is basically a hereditary chamber & its member are nominated by the Queen.Supremacy of the Parliament:In U.K, Parliament has complete Supremacy or sovereignty. No law enacted by the parliament can be challenged in the court on the plea that is against the constitution.According To De Loeme:â€Å"British Parliament can do everything except to make a man into a woman†.Constitution Monarchy:From Constitution point of view, the crown is the repository of the entire Government of authority in British.Contrast In Theory & Pra ctice:There is sharp contrast between theory & practice in British As of points out that â€Å"theoretically, British Government is absolute monarchy, its government from signifies constitution monarchy while in practice, the Government structure is closer to republican from.Collective Responsibility:of Commons & the crown.Limited Separation Of Power:In British, there is limited Separation of power. There is concentration of political powers in the parliament while the cabinet which exercises executive power is just a committee of the parliament. Nevertheless many safeguards have been provided especially under Act of Settlement of 1701 to secure the independence of judiciary from under influence on the part of other two branches on the Government.Independence of Judiciary:Necessary safeguards have been provided against all sorts of interference in judicial process. Judges are paid liberal salaries & ensured security of service.Rule of Law:U.K Constitution provides rule of law. The principle of rule of law may be defined as that none of the person in above or below the law. All the persons are equal in the eyes of law. F any person violates the law, he should face the trial of the case in the Government & no person is given imprisonment until his offence is proved in the court.Fundamental Rights:Fundamental rights of the citizens have not been incorporated in the form of a list in the English Constitution. Constitution law is not the creator but a product of fundamental rights, which have been recognized from time to time by the Courts.ConventionsConventions play a vital role in the British political system. A government is formed & removed on the basis of convention. As Prof. Smith says that the conventions are main living source behind the Constitution.Two Party System:Two party system is flourished in British right from the beginning of the parliamentary period. Before the emergence of the present labor party in the second decay of the present century, the fight was between the conservatives & the Liberal party, but now the liberal party has lost its political significance.XVI: Universal Adult Suffrage:Every individual of the age of 18 has the right to vote.Mixed Constitution:The British Constitution is a mixture of the monarchical, aristocratic & democratic principal.Conservativeness:The British Constitution is a symbol of Conservativeness. The trend of the people of U.K is absolutely n favor of old institutions & this concept is existence of conservatism.Establishment of Local Government Institutions:The existence of local Government in U.K. Constitution is another comprehensive feature of the Constitution. Local Government institution is symbols of the civil liberties & freedom of the people.Unreality:Another characteristic of the English Constitution is its unreality. It has righty been pointed out that nothing in it is what seems or seems what it.Conclusion:  To conclude, I can say, that British Constitution in neither absolute ly unwritten nor absolutely written. It is a combination of both & has made a circuit for the globe & has become the common possession of civilized man.

Challenges of Boko Haram Insurgence on Nigeria’s Educational Sector Essay

The activities of the Islamic radical sect, Boko Haram has adversely affected Nigeria’s educational sector. This fact is not hidden as the name of the sect alone signifies a total outcry against education (western education) and schooling. Boko means â€Å"book or western learning in Hausa language and Haram means forbidden or sinful in Arabic language, thus the group’s name alone is a campaign against western education and schooling. Nigeria’s education sector at all level is suffering as a result of the current prevailing security situation in the north, a region where school enrolment has been the lowest in Nigeria. The sect’s activities have affected Nigeria’s educational sector in the following ways; †¢The sect’s activity has led to destruction of school buildings and other academic facilities †¢It has led to death of academic experts †¢It has led to exodus of academic experts and shortage of qualified teaching manpower in northern Nigeria †¢It has led to distraction and diversion of government’s attention from the educational sector †¢It has led to complete disruption of academic calendar in the region. So far this year, 15 schools have been burnt down in Maiduguri, the capital of Nigeria’s Borno State, forcing over 700 children out of formal education and pushing down enrolment rates in an already ill – educated region. The Islamic Boko Haram group is widely blamed for the attacks but the reality seems to be more complex. Both public and private schools in Maiduguri have been doused with gasoline at night and set on fire. Crude homemade bombs and soda bottles filled with gasoline have been hurled at the bare bones concrete classrooms Nigeria offers its children. The simple yellow facades have been blackened and the plain desks method to twisted pipes, leaving thousands of children without a place to learn, stranded at home and underfoot, while anxious parents plead with Nigerians authorities to come up with a contingency plan for their education. In a video posted on You Tube in February 2012, Boko Haram called on its follows to destroy schools providing western education in retaliation for the alleged targeting of Korani schools by the military. The spokes man of the sect, Abul Quqa, said the attacks were in response to what he called a targeting of the city’s (ie Maiduguri) abundant open – air Islamic schools by authorities. Since February when this call was made, many schools including private schools have been destroyed. However officials of the state have denied any of such attacks or campaign as young boys can be seen receiving lesson untroubled allover Maiduguri (the New York Times, 2012). This new dimensional shift of the sects attack has numerous adverse effects on educational development of the region and the country at large. According to Nigeria Education Data Survey 2010, school enrolment in Borno state is already low by 28 per cent than any other state in Nigeria. No doubt, the recent attack have made parents and guardians’ to withdraw their children from schools and has made it difficult for teachers and aid groups to persuade parents to let their children stay on at schools. Eric Gultscluss (a researcher in Nigeria for the Watching Human Right Organization) noted that it is not just the students at the targeted schools that end up being affected as targeting of schools can make children in neighboring schools to stay home or drop out completely for fear of further attacks. The targeting of children indirectly and destruction of schools in Maiduguri has bewildered and demoralized students, parents and teachers in a way that the daily attacks have not. Furthermore, the attacks have led to death of academic experts teaching in all levels of Nigeria’s educational system ranging from primary to secondary and beyond. On sun,29 April, 2012, members of the sect attacked Christian workshops in Bayero University Campus, Kano resulting to death of 20 students and 2 professor of the university. According to an eye witness, the attackers arrived in a car and two motorcycles and throw small homemade bombs to draw out worshippers before shooting at them as they attempt to flee. The attack led to the death of Professor Jerome Ayodele, a professor of chemistry and Professor Andrew Leo Ogbonyomi, a professor of library science with about 20 others dead and scores of others injured. (Ikhilae, 2012). Undoubtedly, this is a setback for educational development in the country. Also the persistence of insecurity in the north which has led to lose of about 700 lives so far this year (2012), has led to exodus of academic experts and shortage of qualified teaching man power in the region. It has also led to refusal of NYSC members who constitute about 50 per cent of teaching man power in the region to serve in the region. Maijawa Dawayo, Chairman, Yobe State Teaching Service Board, in an interview with Nations News Paper on 9 Feb. , 2012 has this to say, â€Å"the recent circular by the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) that corps members who constitute 50 per cent of the board’s man power should no longer be posted to senior secondary schools in the state would have an adverse effect on the educational sector of the State. Most of the corps members are not interested in coming here again because of insecurity in the north. We are in a difficult situation and something needs to be done urgently to solve the problem. The corps members constitute 50 per cent of the manpower in our schools and the head of the scheme had issued a circular that corps members would no longer be posted to senior secondary schools (The Nation, 9 Feb, 2012). Dawoye’s fear and lamentation was later made public and a reality in July 2012 when NYSC members posted to Borno, Yobe, Kano, Kaduna, Niger, Plateau and Bauchi state refused to serve in the states and protested against their deployment to the violent prone states. Corps members and their parents took to the street to protest their deployment to the Northern States when the 2012 NYSC Bach B list came out arguing that it is senseless to post young graduate to these states. Most of the parents vowed not to allow their children to go and be killed by Boko Haram (National Mirror, 2 July, 2012). Awosuru Lola, a graduate of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH), Ogbomoso in Oyo state, who was posted to plateau state said his father hard ordered him not to report at the camp â€Å"for whatever reason. † Also Badiru Tajiudeen, a graduate of quantity surveying of Obafemi Awolowo University (O. A. U), Ile – Ife, posted to Zamfara state vowed that nothing could keep him beyond the mandatory three weeks of orientation programme in the camp. He also said that his parents are even reluctant in releasing him to participate in the three weeks orientation and warned him to abort the programme if he is not transferred back to the west (National Mirror, 2 July, 2012). This development will make a devastating mark on the educational sector of the affected northern states. It will be recalled that ten young corps members lost their lives during the post – presidential election protest/violence in some northern states in April 2011, while others lost their lives in other violent clashes in the region. The case of other Southerners who are teachers in the region is not different from that of NYSC members as most of them have found the exit door from the region. Dawayo confirmed this when he said that 80 per cent of Yobe State contract teachers who are from other states have left Yobe because of the same problem of insecurity (The Nation Feb 9, 2012) In addition, insecurity in the region caused by Boko Haram has also led to complete disruption of academic calendar in the region. Most of the attacks never go without imposition of curfew by the government. The attacks have in some cases led to imposition of 24 hours curfew and when such curfew is imposed, both students and teachers are affected and this on the long run adversely affects the academic calendar which stipulates when school starts and when it ends as well as what should be done in the school and when thus drawing students in the region behind their counterparts in other peaceful states. It is important that I state it clearly at this juncture that the North is a region where education enrolment and development is the least in the country and the current security situation is bound to compound the educational woes of the North and further widen the gap between it and the South. While private higher institution are rapidly springing up in the South to complement the over – stretched public institutions, only a handful has been established in the North and the few ones have come under Boko Haram attacks. According to National University commission (NUC), 50 private universities have been licensed to operate in the country. Out of this 50, fewer than 15 are established in the north. What this implies is a bleak future for educational development of the region and a bleak future for young children in the region and this by implication is dangerous to Nigeria’s peace, unity and development. No matter how one looks at it, the attacks by the sect on schools have left many destructive marks on the future of affected children in the region and the country at large. The affected children are at home which means a bleak future for them and the country at large because the future of a country depends on the kind and quality of education it offers its children. Finally, the insurrection of Boko Haram has led to distraction and diversion of both Federal and affected State government’s attention from the educational sector. This is evident in the 2012 annual budgetary allocation of the Federal Government in which the mind – bugling chunk of 921. 91 billion was allocated to security alone, while education on which the future of the country depends got the little chunk of 400. 48 billion naira which is not up to half of what is given to security. There is no argument on the fact that both security and education are critical for the survival of a nation, but had it been there is peace in the country, the chunk given to security would have been considerately lower than what it has now. What the lean resources allocated to the educational sector means is a gloomy and difficult future for the sector. This is because there will be no resources to introduce new educational developmental program and the ones already introduced will certainly suffer of poor funding.

Free Essays on The Unfinished 20th Century

The Unfinished Twentieth Century's synopsis of the treaties and conventions through which the development of nuclear arsenals has been channeled and contained is elegant, concise, and very informative. Certainly, the subject of this book, written by Jonathan Schell, is a timely one: the slow but sure leakage of nuclear weapons technology out of the exclusive club of nations which once contained it, into the rest of a restless world tired of being shut out in the cold. Schell's chilling analysis of the strategic predicament entailed by the post-Cold War situation is also apt, as is his characterization of the nuclear options now facing a world where technical knowledge flows along increasingly unpredictable lines. Sadly, The Unfinished Twentieth Century presents these basic insights on the diereses of the still-current nuclear threat powerfully and uninhibitedly. Using Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness as a key, and Hannah Arendt’s Reflections On the Nature of Evil a s a point of departure, Jonathan Schell suggests that the essential story of the twentieth century was the gigantic development of humankind’s capacity for self-destruction - with the rise in many forms of â€Å"policies of extermination.† Schell examines the legacy this leaves for the new millennium: the crisis of nuclear arms control that has arisen with the unraveling of the ABM treaty, the stalemate of the START talks, the proliferation of nuclear weapons in South Asia, and, perhaps, East Asia and the Middle-East. He suggests that the world now faces a stark choice between denuclearization, the abolition of all nuclear weapons, and full nuclearization, as the necessary technology and materials seep around the world. And as they do, history is being written. History, though, as it is crafted by humanity, does not quite follow the same principles of demarcation as when one century turns into another. Schell, identifies the 20th century as an unfinished perio... Free Essays on The Unfinished 20th Century Free Essays on The Unfinished 20th Century The Unfinished Twentieth Century's synopsis of the treaties and conventions through which the development of nuclear arsenals has been channeled and contained is elegant, concise, and very informative. Certainly, the subject of this book, written by Jonathan Schell, is a timely one: the slow but sure leakage of nuclear weapons technology out of the exclusive club of nations which once contained it, into the rest of a restless world tired of being shut out in the cold. Schell's chilling analysis of the strategic predicament entailed by the post-Cold War situation is also apt, as is his characterization of the nuclear options now facing a world where technical knowledge flows along increasingly unpredictable lines. Sadly, The Unfinished Twentieth Century presents these basic insights on the diereses of the still-current nuclear threat powerfully and uninhibitedly. Using Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness as a key, and Hannah Arendt’s Reflections On the Nature of Evil a s a point of departure, Jonathan Schell suggests that the essential story of the twentieth century was the gigantic development of humankind’s capacity for self-destruction - with the rise in many forms of â€Å"policies of extermination.† Schell examines the legacy this leaves for the new millennium: the crisis of nuclear arms control that has arisen with the unraveling of the ABM treaty, the stalemate of the START talks, the proliferation of nuclear weapons in South Asia, and, perhaps, East Asia and the Middle-East. He suggests that the world now faces a stark choice between denuclearization, the abolition of all nuclear weapons, and full nuclearization, as the necessary technology and materials seep around the world. And as they do, history is being written. History, though, as it is crafted by humanity, does not quite follow the same principles of demarcation as when one century turns into another. Schell, identifies the 20th century as an unfinished perio...

Review of Scoring Rubric

Review of Scoring Rubric Introduction English language learners’ represents a significant subpopulation of USA students which in the 2006/07 school year were more than 5 million in the PK to 12 grades (Esquinca, Yaden, Rueda, 2008). This is projected to represent 1 in 9 students in the country with 80% of them nationally being native Spanish speakers and overall about 400 different home languages.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Review of Scoring Rubric specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More English language Proficiency tests whether commercial or institutional are used to assess proficiency of limited English proficient (LEP) students. In every state in the country, states, education agencies and schools have an obligation to identify LEP students especially those who come from homes where another language other than English is spoken. These tests are meant to assess the student’s oral proficiency in English also writing and reading skills (The California State University, 2009). In some states, there are already laid out procedures for identifying students who might become LEP students. There are set of questions designed to find out non-English speakers under Home Language Survey program. If discovered that a student is from non-English background, an English proficiency test is issued. In other states, specific English language proficiency tests are used. In other countries such as USA, Australia and UK and others where English is the language of communication, English language proficiency test is a requirement for international students wanting to pursue education in these countries at any level. It is a requirement also in other for immigration, skilled worker programs, and professional titles (Solorzano, 2008). For these students, commercial tests such as TOEFL and IELTS are recommended. International English Language Testing System (IELTS) IELTS was established 21 years ago and was one of th e pioneer tests in English language skills. The test is co-owned by the University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations, the British Council, and the IDP: Australia with more than 800 testing centers and locations in 130 countries around the world (Alderson, Krahnke, Stansfield, 2008).Advertising Looking for critical writing on languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More IELTS assesses English language proficiency in four skills; listening, reading, writing and speaking. These tests are continually improved to encompass advances in applied linguistics, technology, language assessment and language pedagogy (The California State University, 2009). Test formats and results The IELTS tests are available in over 800 centers and locations in 130 countries of the world, and are accessible internationally. Every year the tests are held on fixed dates and are set in the same conditions across the world. It consists of four parts, w hich reflect the skills in the English language. These are reading, writing, speaking and listening. These are oriented to test candidates in their mastery of English in real life-situations. They are also offered in two formats, the academic format for university and tertiary candidates and general training. They are also used by English medium universities, colleges and professional groups and immigration agencies such as in Canada to test the immigrants English language ability (TESL Canada Federation, 2011). Test Content IELTS test on listening contains four sections of recorded assessment for candidates. This increase in complexity as they progress and contain a mixture of dialogue and conversation. This test contains seven different task categories which include tables, matching, forms, multiple choice, classification and notes. This tests the ability of a candidate to listen and understand contents in English in real-life situations. This section takes about 40 minutes where the first 30 minutes a candidate listens to recorded material and in the last 10 answers the given questions as outlined by Ekbatani, (2010). In reading skills assessment, candidates are presented with three passages, which are derived from authentic books, magazines or even journals, which they are supposed to read and complete ten different tasks. These include multiple choice, short answer, sentence completion and labeling diagrams among others. In writing skills, candidates are required to complete two tasks, which are a one hundred and fifty word report, based on presentations in a table or diagram. This tests the ability of the candidate to describe and explain issues as they seem. The other task is a 250 word essay which could be in response to an opinion or problem outlined in the test.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Review of Scoring Rubric specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The final skill tested is speaking which is done for ten to fifteen minutes. Here, the candidate and the examiner interact on a face-to-face basis and the former is expected to describe, narrate and give explanations on personal and general issue topics that are asked. These tests have an overall test time of two hours and forty five minutes. Test scoring The listening and reading tests contain 40 items and each correct answer is given one mark with the maximum a candidate can achieve being 40 points. These points are known as raw points and are then put in band scores, which range from 1 to 9, 1 meant to mean no language skills and 9 meaning an expert user of the language. In writing and speaking skills test, detailed performance descriptors are used with each being rated in the 9 IELTS bands. After the marking, and scoring, candidates receive test report forms showing overall test band score and the scores in the subtests. Each of the subtest scores carries the same weight and the final score is obtain ed by calculating the mean score of the four subtests. These results are valid for two years (Hogan, 2005). Band scale Tests are marked thoroughly and consistently and results scored on a 9 band system. This is a unique scale that does not give a pass or fail instead it puts the overall scores in a band system where each band means specific English language competency. These are then reported in the nearest whole or half bands, which are discussed by TESL Canada Federation, (2011) Band 0 means that the candidate did not provide any information while band 1 means the candidate is a non user of the language and has no ability to use it behold a few isolated words. A candidate with 1-3 marks falls into this category. Band 2 is referred to an irregular user who does not have the capacity to communicate in English apart from the essential information where limited words are used in familiar instances and needy situations. This candidate experiences hardships in the use and understanding of the English. Band 3 refers to a candidate who is a very limited user of English. He/she expresses and understands basic meaning in familiar situations and communication breakdown arises.Advertising Looking for critical writing on languages? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Band 4 refer to a limited user of the language and portrays basic competence only in familiar environments. Problems in understanding and articulating issues arise, and complex language use is not possible. Band 5 represents a candidate who is a modest user of English language. This one has limited use of the language where overall meaning is understood although he/she might make a mistake. Communication in familiar field is possible though. Band 6 candidate uses English proficiently and has a valuable grasp, however, there is a likelihood of, inappropriacies, misunderstandings and inaccuracies. In common situations, the candidate can fairly understand complex language. A band 7candidate uses English excellently, since the operational command of the same is demonstrated, however, occasional misunderstandings and inappropriacies are observed. This candidate can cope with intricate language and detailed reasoning. A band 8 candidate uses English very excellently, since he/she demonstr ates unwavering command of the language, however, inappropriacies and unsystematic inaccuracies come about intermittently. This candidate handles intricate in depth reasoning well. This is given to a candidate who has a raw score of 35-39 marks. Band 9 is an expert user of the language where he/she has fully equipped command. He understands the language completely in an appropriate and accurate manner. Has a raw score of 40-41 marks. Scoring rubric reliability and validity The IELTS modules are rated by certified and trained examiners according to Hogan, (2005). They use a set of descriptors made from each key criteria of each module as Hogan continues to say. For example, speaking sub test where the major criteria are ease, consistency, grammatical range and accuracy, lexical resource and pronunciation (Hogan, 2005). These band descriptors that actually are used are confidential, but IELTS have provided a public version of them which are available on their website. These are mainly for the purpose of helping stakeholders know what candidates can do also for candidates to know the level of performance expected from each band score and in each criterion. IELTS examiners have also been put through intensive training and standardization in face-to-face situations so that they can be well positioned to apply the descriptors in a valid and reliable manner (Solorzano, 2008). Also, the production of question papers follows several stages that ensure that the results are reliable and indiscriminative. First, appropriate test content is outlined that reflects the goals of academic and general training modules. The next stage involves trailing the material with a representative group with an aim of determining whether there is a challenge indistinguishing between the more and the less able students. Finally, the questions are introduced to live tests in the standard fixing stage to ensure it aligns with the IELTS metric (TESL Canada Federation, 2011). IELTS scores are v alid for two years, and if for more than that, a valid proof should accompany the scores to show that the candidate has maintained or tried to advance their English. This is because the test shows a person’s language skill at a given time. A person’s ability to communicate in English may diminish in time especially if the language is not in use (Hogan, 2005). Test of English as a Foreign Language-Internet-based Test (TOEFL IBT) According to Hogan, (2005), the TOEFL IBT is an examination that weighs up nonnative English speakers capacity to understand and exploit spoken and written English in environments such as, schools, colleges, as well as universities. According to Hogan, (2005), the test allows institutions to gauge the student’s capacity to communicate in English in academic situations and how ready they are to undertake academic work as it assesses integrated skills. TOEFL IBT was developed and is used by ETS a nonprofit organization that is involved in t he advancement of quality education to all around the world. These tests are based on rigorous research and innovation with more than 5 million in 180 countries and 9,000 locations worldwide people taking them every year. Education Testing Services (ETS) was established in 1947 by the American Council of Education, the Collage Examination Board and Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. These organizations gave their testing programs, assets and manpower to establish an educational research and assessment institution that will see advancement of knowledge. This has grown to extend their services to learners worldwide. Besides TOEFL, the organization also offers assessments in TOEL tests, GRE and the Praxis Series (Education Transparency Services, 2009). TOEFL IBT is a version of the English language test that is offered over the internet for assessment in English skills for academic environments. Its core emphasis is integrated communications and communicative competen ce. TOEFL IBT exams are taken in the institutes’ Prometric centers as well as in university and educational centers that use internet based programs. USA was the first to adopt the technology in 2005, followed by Canada, France, Germany and Italy. The use of the internet has enabled the organization to make the test more accessible to many users as well as widening the measure of the English proficiency globally (TESL Canada Federation, 2011). The test does not consist of separate tasks testing different skills as is the case with IELTS but an integrated assessment that tests the four skills; reading, listening, reading and writing at once. The tests involve three approaches as outlined by Buckendahl, Blackhust, Rodeck, (2006); In the first approach, a candidate is supposed to read, listen, and then speak as he/she answers the questions asked, Secondly, a candidate listens and then talk to respond to a question posed, The final approach is where a candidate reads, listens, and then writes down responses to questions. The reading part of the TOEFL IBT consists of 3-5 passages, which are drawn from academic sources and 12-14 questions, based on each passage. The listening skills are tested using 2-3 discussions with two speakers with each having 5 questions lasting 3 minutes. The speaking sub test contain 6 tasks with 2 of them requiring candidates to talk about general topics, two involving listening to a spoken lecture and responding to queries on this while a further two involves reading a brief academic text, listening to the spoken information about this text and then responding to the questions on the two materials. Writing generally involves two tasks. One requiring a candidate to read a short academic text listens to a recorded lecture that is related to the text and answer questions that incorporate the two materials. The last task involves writing an essay about a topic of interest. The whole test takes about 41/2 hours (TESL Canada Federatio n, 2011). Scoring the test The TEOFL IBT is marked out of 30 points for each section, and the total score is out of 120 points. The reading and listening skills are rating that are computer based. In speaking skills, which is done by ETS raters, each task is marked out of four points, and the overall score is put on a scale of 0-30. The writing skills also are marked out of five points for each task and then put on a 0-30 scaled score. The difference between this test and the IELTS is that separate sections do not carry the same weight as they are considered to assess different language abilities (Esquinca, Yaden, Rueda, 2008). Performance interpretation, reliability and validity Performance scores for each section are interpreted differently. For reading performance description ranges from low, medium and high. In speaking ability, performance is rated as weak, limited, fair and good while writing is described as limited, fair or good (The California State University, 2009). This test does not use face-to-face interviews in the speaking section but rather have the candidates record their responses in English. This is said by (Ekbatani, 2010) to eliminate a lot of bias that might be found in face-to-face interviews that are determined by the rapport the examiner and candidate created during the meeting. The recordings together with the other test materials are assessed by between three to six raters instead of relying on a single rater’s impressions. This is said to be fairer for the candidates and more accurate for academic institutions in gauging their students’ skills. TOEFL IBT test has a more improved writing section to the original TOEFL paper based in that another writing task was introduced. The candidate is anticipated to read a small passage, pay attention to a lecture by listening and then put in writing the responses on the computer (Ekbatani, 2010). This whole test takes four hours and is completed the same day which is convenient f or a candidate. Buckendahl, Blackhust, Rodeck, (2006) say that the use of other integrated tasks independently will help instructors to link better teaching, learning and testing in academic environments. Comparison of IETLS and TOEFL-IBT scores and scoring procedures TOEFL IBT speaking and writing modules are graded holistically where the score that is given is an overall assessment of the whole essay in terms of vocabulary, logic, style, and grammar. In IELTS, on the other hand, scoring is done using a checklist where each item in the list is graded individually. The checklist includes grammar, word choice, fluency, cohesion and logic among others. TOEFL IBT generally requires a person with an ability to compose a logical and detailed argument which exhibits clarity, excellent word choice and style. IETLS requires excellence in grammar and vocabulary and generally a candidate who can write a decent essay (Education Transparency Services, 2009). In TOEFL IBT speaking module, scori ng procedures are more complex where the responses are spoken into a microphone, then recorded digitally and ETS is used for scoring. Through ETS Online Scoring Network (OSN), four to six different human raters score the responses. This ensures objectivity and reliability. In IETLS, speaking module test is conducted by an interviewer in the country where the candidate is taking the test, who then scores the response (Hogan, 2005). In the writing module, TOEFL IBT candidates type and then send responses digitally to ETS for assessment. Writing responses are scored the same way the speaking responses are scored. They are rated by four to six raters through ETS OSN for reliability and objectivity purposes. In IELTS, responses are handwritten by the candidate and then forwarded to in-country human raters at the test center for scoring (Ekbatani, 2010). In terms of quality control of the rating procedures, TOEFL IBT, raters are subjected to a calibration test, which they must pass, every time they rate. The scoring sessions are also monitored by scoring leaders to ensure highest quality control. In IETLS, examiners go through a retraining and recertification process every two years to ensure reliability (Alderson, Krahnke, Stansfield, 2008). Conclusion English proficiency is a requirement not only in schools in countries like United States of America but also for immigration, skilled worker programs, and professional titles in English speaking countries. English proficiency tests are used to assess the communication skills of a candidate. IELTS and TOEFL IBT are among the most common tests since they are accepted by many institutions and offered in many centers around the world. These have four testing modules; speaking, writing, reading and listening though the contents of these and their procedures in testing are different. TOEFL IBT is computer based while IETLS is paper based. In the scoring and scoring procedures, the two tests are different in terms of scori ng, scoring rubrics and the way the responses are rated. Moreover, both tests have different procedures of ensuring validity, reliability and the way the test results are interpreted. Reference List Alderson, C., Krahnke, K., Stansfield, C. (2008). Reviews of English Language Proficiency Tests. Teachers of English to Spekears of Other Languages, 358-368. Buckendahl, C., Blackhust, A., Rodeck, E. (2006). Adaptation within a Language: Considerations for Standard Setting. International Test Commission Conference (pp. 1-19). Brussels: University of Cambridge ESOL. Education Transparency Services. (2009). Guidelines for the Assessment of English  Language Learners. United States of America: Education Transparency Services. Ekbatani, G. (2010). Measurement and Evaluation in Post-Secondary ESL. New York: Routledge, Taylor and Francis Group. Esquinca, A., Yaden, D., Rueda, R. (2008). Current Language Proficiency Tests and  their Implications for Preschool English language learners. U nited States of America: University of Southern Califonia. Hogan, M. (2005). Something New? Quite a Lot In IELTS, Actually. 18th Annual EA  Education Conference 2005 (pp. 40-58). Australia: IELTS. Solorzano, R. (2008). Review of Educational Research: High Stakes Testing; Issues,  implications, and Remedies for English Language Learners. United States of America: American Educational Research Association. TESL Canada Federation. (2011). Overview of English Language Proficiency  Tests. Retrieved from TESL Canada Federation: https://www.tesl.ca/ The California State University. (2009). Focus on English: English Placement Test  (EPT). California: The California State University. Vecchio, A., Guerrero, M. (1995). Handbook of English Language Proficiency Tests.  New Mexico: New Mexico Highlands University.

5 Superstar Female Sociologists You Should Know

5 Superstar Female Sociologists You Should Know There are many female sociologists who do important work around the world, on topics ranging from the achievement gap, to global consumption patterns, to gender and sexuality. Read on to learn more about 5 superstar female sociologists. Juliet Schor Dr.  Juliet Schor  is arguably the foremost scholar of the sociology of consumption, and a leading public intellectual who was awarded the 2014 American Sociological Associations prize for advancing the public understanding of sociology.  Professor of Sociology at Boston College, she  is the author of five books, and co-author and  editor of numerous others, has  published a multitude  of journal articles, and has been cited several thousand times by other scholars. Her research focuses on consumer culture, particularly the work-spend cycle- our tendency to spend more and more, on things that we don’t need and that won’t necessarily make us happier. The work-spend cycle was the focus of  her  research-rich, popular companion hits  The Overspent American  and  The Overworked American. Recently, her research has focused on  ethical and sustainable approaches to consumption in the context of a failing economy and a  planet on the brink. Her 2011 book  True Wealth: How and Why Millions of Americans Are Creating a Time-Rich, Ecologically-Light, Small-Scale, High-Satisfaction Economy makes the case for shifting out of the work-spend cycle by diversifying our personal income sources, placing more value on our time, being more mindful of the impacts of our consumption, consuming differently, and reinvesting in the social fabric of our communities.  Her current research into collaborative consumption and the new sharing economy is a part of the MacArthur Foundations Connected Learning Initiative. Gilda Ochoa Dr.  Gilda Ochoa  is  Professor of Chicana/o and Latina/o Studies at Pomona College. Her cutting edge approach to teaching and research has her regularly leading teams of college students in community-based research that addresses problems of  systemic racism, particularly those related to education,  and community-driven responses to it  in the greater Los Angeles area. She  is the author of the 2013 hit book,  Academic Profiling: Latinos, Asian Americans and the Achievement Gap. In this book, Ochoa thoroughly examines the root causes of the achievement gap between Latino and Asian American students in California. Through ethnographic research at one Southern California high school and hundreds of interviews with  students, teachers, and parents, Ochoa reveals troubling disparities in opportunity, status, treatment, and assumptions experienced by students. This important work debunks racial and cultural explanations for the achievement gap.   Following its publication, the book  received two important awards: the American Sociological Associations  Oliver Cromwell Cox Book Award for Anti-Racist Scholarship, and the Eduardo Bonilla-Silva Outstanding Book  Award from  the Society for the Study of Social Problems. She is the author of numerous academic journal articles and  two  other  books- Learning from Latino Teachers  and  Becoming Neighbors in a Mexican-American  Community: Power, Conflict, and Solidarity- and co-editor, with her brother Enrique, of Latino Los Angeles: Transformations, Communities, and Activism.  To learn more about Ochoa, you can read her fascinating interview about her book Academic Profiling, her intellectual development, and her research motivations. Lisa Wade Dr. Lisa Wade is a preeminent public sociologist in today’s media landscape. Associate Professor of Sociology at Occidental College, she rose to prominence as co-founder and contributor to the widely read blog Sociological Images. She is a regular contributor to national publications and blogs including  Salon, The Huffington Post, Business Insider, Slate, Politico, The Los Angeles Times, and Jezebel, among others. Wade  is an expert in gender and sexuality whose research and writing now focuses on hookup culture and sexual assault on college campuses, the social significance of the body, and U.S. discourse about genital mutilation. Her research has illuminated the intense sexual objectification that women experience and how this results in unequal treatment, sexual inequality (like the orgasm gap),  violence against women, and the socio-structural problem of gender inequality.  Wade has written or co-written over a dozen academic journal articles, numerous popular essays, and has frequently been a media guest on radio and television. In 2017, her book American Hookup was published, which examines hookup culture on college campuses. With Myra Marx Ferree, she  has co-authored a textbook on the sociology of gender. Jenny Chan Dr. Jenny Chan  is a  groundbreaking researcher whose work, which  focuses on issues of labor and working class identity in iPhone factories in China, sits at the intersection of the sociology of globalization and the sociology of work. By gaining hard-to-come-by access to Foxconn factories, Chan has illuminated many of the things Apple doesnt want you to know about how it makes its beautiful products. She is the author or co-author of numerous journal articles and book chapters, including a heartbreaking and analytically shrewd piece about a Foxconn suicide survivor,  and is writing a book with Pun Ngai and Mark Selden, titled  Dying for an iPhone: Apple, Foxconn, and a New Generation of Chinese Workers. Chan is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Applied Social Sciences at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, and was previously a Lecturer at the University of Oxford. In 2018, she became the Vice President of Communications for the International Sociological Association’s Research Committee on Labour Movements. She has also played an important role as a scholar-activist, and from  2006 to 2009 was the Chief Coordinator of Students and Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior (SACOM) in Hong Kong, a leading labor watch organization that works to hold corporations accountable for abuses happening in their global supply chains. C.J. Pascoe Associate Professor of Sociology at the University of Oregon, Dr. C.J. Pascoe is a leading scholar of gender, sexuality, and adolescence. Her work has been cited by other scholars  over 2100 times and has been widely cited in national news media. She is the author of the  groundbreaking and highly regarded book  Dude, Youre a Fag: Masculinity and Sexuality in High School, winner of the 2008 Outstanding Book Award from the American Educational Research Association. The research featured in the book is a compelling look at how both formal and informal curricula at high schools shape the development of gender and sexuality of students, and how in particular, the idealized form of masculinity boys are expected to perform is premised on the sexual and social control of girls. Pascoe is also a contributor to the book  Hanging Out, Messing Around, and Geeking Out: Kids Living  and Learning with New Media.   She is an engaged public intellectual and activist for the rights of LGBTQ youth, who has worked with organizations including Beyond Bullying: Shifting the Discourse of LGBTQ Sexuality, Youth in Schools, Born This Way Foundation, SPARK! Girls Summit, TrueChild, and the Gay/Straight Alliance Network. Pascoe is working on a new book titled Just a Teenager in Love: Young People’s Cultures of Love and Romance and is a co-founder and co-editor of the blog Social In(Queery).

Case Analysis Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Case Analysis - Term Paper Example The human services workers are expected to adhere to the legal, ethical and moral expectations of their profession while making decisions in their everyday work. The workers must protect their clients’ rights and ensure human dignity in their practice (Corey, Corey & Callanan, 2007). The current legal framework requires human services workers to offer their services without any discrimination or preference on the basis of color, culture, race, religion, sexual orientation or socioeconomic status (Woodside & McClam, 2009). The Civil Rights Act 1964 prohibits all manner of discrimination, and treat all clients equality despite their identifiable characteristics such as age or origin. The Child abuse prevention and treatment Act (CAPTA) 1974 fosters the rights of children and numerous states have enacted laws they protect child abuse and neglect. The situation requires me to protect the sexually abused child’s right to privacy and confidentiality according to the federal, state and local laws on confidentiality. For instance, I am expected to take safe custody of the child records and refrain exposing information regarding the sex abuse suffered by the child in order to prevent further harm (Timmons, 2013). The profession regulatory requires me to consider t he conflict of the values of obeying the law and values of serving the clients thus, I will assist the child in reporting the sexual offenders to the law enforcement agencies (Corey, Corey & Callanan, 2007). Furthermore, I am expected to demonstrate sensitivity to cultural diversity and appreciate the different cultural values of the child in making an informed decision on the welfare of the child. Statement 4 of the National Organization for Human Services (NOHS) requires the human services workers to protect the safety of clients who are in danger of any harm through seeking consultation,

Harlem Renaissance Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Harlem Renaissance - Article Example It has also opened for future blacks and has a big impact on succeeding consciousness and black literature worldwide. As it is not limited to the district of Harlem in New York, it attracted a huge attention of talent and intellect and acted as the pillar of this awakening of culture. This renaissance has lots of black culture sources, basically of the Caribbean and America and manifests itself even outside Harlem. Being a symbolic capital, it fuels high popular nightlife and experimentation destination. It enables blacks to get publication opportunities and visibilities as ever before due to its location. Being in a city with an extraordinary decentred and diverse social atmosphere with no one cultural authority, it has still proved to be a rich place for experiment in culture. Primitivism affected the movement since it was established on earlier cultures and traditions of blacks (Lewis et al, pp 129). The avant-garde artists in Europe have drawn motivation from African view since they departed from real styles of representations towards sculpture and painting abstraction. Therefore, such experimental pride made black intellectuals view the heritage of Africa in a new

Feature a female fitness competitor in Pittsburgh, PA Article

Feature a female fitness competitor in Pittsburgh, PA - Article Example When Sarah’s not delivering letters, she spends the majority of her time pursuing her passion: working to become a professional figure competitor, and she’s well on her way. Sara has competed in numerous figure competitions, including Miss Hawaiian Tropic 2004, Eugenia Swimwear Bikini Jam 2004, and the OCB Golden Triangle Battle for the Sword, while also developing her training clientele. Sarah works for various nutritional and fitness sponsors, flies around the country to model for companies like Bowflex, and even has time to maintain a website and a Twitter account1. Yet with all of this success, Sarah stays remarkably grounded. Colleagues and peers that know her say Sarah is outgoing and easy to work with, and that despite her success, her ego has not grown with her muscle mass. This humility in the face of achievements comes from the same place as her motivation to stay healthy: her childhood. Sarah describes her childhood as relatively normal with two supportive an d loving parents, yet she reveals that she struggled with her weight as a young child. â€Å"I was an overweight child,† she confesses. â€Å"My parents encouraged me to start exercising through athletics. I wasn’t so receptive at first.† This initial resistance faded as Sarah became involved with cheerleading at the local Catholic school she attended, and she eventually realized a passion for athletics. â€Å"Athletics in general have tremendously made my life more rewarding and fun,† Sarah says, and this love would carry her a long way. After realizing she had more of a drive to be on the court playing than on the sidelines cheering, and after noticing she was taller than the whole girls basketball team, Sarah decided to try out. This was when Sarah’s love of athletics turned into a passion. â€Å"Soon, I went from a lethargic chubby adolescent to a thin, happy, and athletic teen. I took it to the extreme.† Sarah would go on to play softba ll and run track in addition to playing basketball in high school, yet Sarah’s favorite and most accomplished sport remained volleyball. It was her skill in volleyball, her unyielding passion for athletics and competition, and her humility in daily life that took the talented young athlete from Pittsburgh out to California University in California, PA. Here she would further refine her athletic skill playing Division II volleyball, and here she would discover the work ethic and dedication that would get her out of the bed at 4:45am years later. Sarah describes the workouts as challenging, saying she would spend â€Å"hours on the court practicing,† but this practice would quickly pay off. In her sophomore year of college, Sarah earned what she describes as one of her most memorable honors. â€Å"Our team went to the Final Four my sophomore year of college,† she says. â€Å"It was a great experience that I will never forget.† Even in the face of overwhelmi ng athletic achievement, Sarah found the humility and energy to hit the books and stay grounded in her academic work. Sarah graduated from California University in 2003 with honors, and takes pride in earning her degree in Education while also being so competitive athletically. â€Å"I did really well in college,† Sarah explains, â€Å"and I graduated Summa Cum Laude.† Her academic and athletic excellence obviously made her a hot commodity for job recruiters after graduation. Of course, in Sarah’s typical highly motivated style, she didn’

Abstract for an article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Abstract for an - Article Example Musculoskeletal upper limit side effects and dissentions of neck, shoulder and arms are regular in the overall public and around computer clients in numerous streamlined nations. Lately, workstation related office work has heightened in western created nations. In Germany for instance the 2004 registration uncovered that machine related work constituted a substantial a piece of the everyday working normal for give or take 21 million individuals. The etiology of neck, shoulder and forearm/hands grievances in workstation workers is still not totally caught on. A few danger elements identified with diverse physical exposures at work and psychosocial conditions have been distinguished as potential causes for neck, shoulder and forearm/hands protests. These exposures might be physical exposures identified with static neck and arm postures, monotonous assignments, work environment outline and likewise psychosocial variables identified with employment aspects, high quantitative occupation r equests, having little impact on ones work circumstance, and restricted backing from associates or bosses (Hassan et al, n.p). This aims of this paper is to draw on past studies and break down the vicinity of neck, shoulder and forearm/hands grumblings in connection to impacts of both exposures to physical components and to mental variables (employment requests, occupation control, social help and strain). In like manner, this study endeavors to test the accompanying exploration questions: What exactly degree are employment requests, occupation control, social help and occupation strain in the work environment, connected with the event of indications in the neck, shoulder and forearm/hands? Whatever degrees are physical form carriage and the outline of the working environment connected with the event of manifestations in the neck, shoulder and forearm/hands Regress analysis or Logistic relapse was

Business Strategy -------- (Degree Module) Essay

Business Strategy -------- (Degree Module) - Essay Example The portuguese were also involved in these early forms of globalization by the 16th century as they conducted their global explorations. These explolarions are known to have created connections between continents, world populations and economic systems. Colonization also largely contributed to globalization of trade, mixture of world cultures and religion. In the recen years, there has been a wave of globalization that can be attributed to four major drivers for change. These include technological advancement, social cultural aspects, economic and political drivers. Technological advancement has played a significant role in reducing the time and cost of travelling and transportation of goods. It has increased the efficiency of service delivery globally. For example, air transport has enabled traders in perishable commodities such as horticultural products to effectively transport them to differnt continents without suffering losses or incurring extra costs of rifrigeration facilities. Before the modern transport systems, it took a number of days to move from one country to another. Recent developments in communication technology have also had a significant impact on globalization. Global social interractions have been facilitated by the use of internet technology. More over, this technology has enhanced global trade since people can buy and sell products through the internet. Electronic banking has been on the rise and more and more people are engaging in online trade. It has also led to globalization of education whereby on line learning is cu rrently a major feature of modern education. As world economies strive to achieve economic growth, they are tending to engage in international trade where they engage in foreign direct investment. This has led to establishment of multinational companies with the aim of utilizing the available opportunities through expanding their markets in foreign countries. Financial globalization has been effective in

Statement of purpose 6 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Statement of purpose 6 - Essay Example My father is a Mathematics teacher in an intermediate school in Kuwait while my mother is a Kindergarten teacher. They both loved to assist their students in making their dreams come true and they are not about to stop in giving their all to help me reach mine. Having big dreams is one of the things they have always encouraged us, motivating us to excel in various activities and not just concentrate in one thing because they believe that we can never find what is best for us if we do not try other things. My parents have truly been my greatest motivating factors even now, encouraging me to finish my postgraduate studies while they are still able to financially support me. Enrolling for the Masters degree is one of my greatest dreams and I am glad that I have great support which I am taking while I am still young and single so I decided to widen my knowledge in the teaching profession by enrolling in your excellent university. It is my strong desire to become the best teacher I could be, working at a university, shaping the minds of future professionals and encouraging them to become the best that they could be as well. Working as an English teacher in the Ministry of Education in Kuwait since the last quarter of 2010 made me realize how great are the information and trainings that I still need to have. I do believe that I can learn a lot as I go along with my teaching profession, through experience. Nevertheless, as I mentioned earlier, I want to grab the chance to accumulate all the education I can have while I am still young and able to grasp much information and while there are able people to support me. I have graduated English Language and Literature in Arts College, majoring in Linguistics with minor in Translations at Kuwait University and as far as my professors are concerned, they have given me good reviews saying I have a good level of English fluency both in oral and written form. Having English as my second language, I like to have the fluency of na tive speaker so that the United Kingdom has been on the top of my list not just because of the geographical advantage it gives me but because of my love for the historical places. Enrolling in the country will give me a great advantage in my speech especially the correct pronunciation of words as well as sentence construction and other important things to consider in the employment of the language. Though my professors have highly approved of my present skills, I know there is still a wide room for my improvement and I am looking forward to fill that void in the United Kingdom, in the University of Warwick. One of my great passions is teaching but as they say, you can only give what you have. In my few months of working with the Ministry of Education, I have to confess that my educational experience is still not enough to get me through to be the teacher I would like to be. Ambitious, you might think I am. Probably, I would much agree but not in the negative sense of the word becaus e my ambitions are not just geared to the making of a great ‘me’ but to becoming the vessel of information and training where students could take the training and education they want from me. I have seen how much my fellow Kuwaitis need the training from a foreign land and I am offering myself to be just another instrument to meeting this need. It is my desire that I would be a great influence in the success of other people as I succeed in my own

Business Strategy -------- (Degree Module) Essay

Business Strategy -------- (Degree Module) - Essay Example The portuguese were also involved in these early forms of globalization by the 16th century as they conducted their global explorations. These explolarions are known to have created connections between continents, world populations and economic systems. Colonization also largely contributed to globalization of trade, mixture of world cultures and religion. In the recen years, there has been a wave of globalization that can be attributed to four major drivers for change. These include technological advancement, social cultural aspects, economic and political drivers. Technological advancement has played a significant role in reducing the time and cost of travelling and transportation of goods. It has increased the efficiency of service delivery globally. For example, air transport has enabled traders in perishable commodities such as horticultural products to effectively transport them to differnt continents without suffering losses or incurring extra costs of rifrigeration facilities. Before the modern transport systems, it took a number of days to move from one country to another. Recent developments in communication technology have also had a significant impact on globalization. Global social interractions have been facilitated by the use of internet technology. More over, this technology has enhanced global trade since people can buy and sell products through the internet. Electronic banking has been on the rise and more and more people are engaging in online trade. It has also led to globalization of education whereby on line learning is cu rrently a major feature of modern education. As world economies strive to achieve economic growth, they are tending to engage in international trade where they engage in foreign direct investment. This has led to establishment of multinational companies with the aim of utilizing the available opportunities through expanding their markets in foreign countries. Financial globalization has been effective in

Women in the Middle Ages Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Women in the Middle Ages - Research Paper Example The medieval world is said to be exceptionally customary. Ladies had zero part practically to play in the nation on the loose. In the city, society would have effectively overseen what occupations a woman could perform, and her part in a medieval society would have been to help her mate. And in addition doing her daily chores, whether in a town or at home, a lady would have had numerous obligations concerning her job (Hanawalt 39). The duties played by women in this period were those that helped men to work harder or improve their efficiency. The responsibilities include some tasks like cooking for the man of the house. The women were expected to carry out this duty by the society to help men carry out their duties continuously. Men could now feel motivated as they did not waste any time in the house doing jobs like preparing meals. Jobs are mostly believed to be available in the urban regions. Inside a town, ladies would have done a significant number of the undertakings men did in the area. Even so, they were lowly paid for completing the same piece of the task. Archives from Medieval England identifying with what the normal individual did are uncommon, yet some still exist which inspect what ladies living in the towns did. For example, when procuring a commodity, a male could get 8 pence (Rexroth 219).When a woman completes the same task, she was paid 5 pence. For food making, men would receive 6 pence a day, while women got 4 pence (Hanawalt 219).

Competency Goal Essay Example for Free

Competency Goal Essay Functional Area #1 Safe: In order to provide a safe environment and teach children safe practices to prevent and reduce injuries I do the following: †¢I always do my classroom counts every 30 minutes, or more often when necessary, to make sure that my head count matches the actual number of children in my classroom. †¢Our centers are set up to reduce open floor space and the opportunity to run freely indoors †¢I check all toys and equipment for broken or missing parts often to ensure they remain safe for use and play. †¢I ensure that all chemicals and cleaning supplies are put away out of the reach of children or stored in locked cabinets to prevent injury or poisoning. †¢I keep my emergency routes posted and easily visible and my emergency contacts are always with me in a binder and easily accessible. †¢I am trained in emergency evacuation procedures and plans to remove all children from the classroom and/or building in the event of a tornado or fire †¢I am certified in First Aid, CPR, and Pediatric First Aid which makes me knowledgeable of caring for accidents or injuries. Functional Area #2 Healthy: In order to provide an environment that promotes health and prevents illness, and teaches children about good nutrition and practices that promote Wellness, I do the following: †¢Cleaning and sanitizing classroom items, including future toys, a task done multiple times a day. I sanitize all toys immediately after being put into a child’s mouth, to prevent the spread of germs. †¢ I wash my hands wear gloves before after handling food, helping with toileting, cleaning noses to prevent germs from being spread. †¢ I follow the center’s policies for sick children to prevent other illnesses in the classroom. †¢We also serve Healthy Balanced meals breakfast, lunch snack. Functional Area #3 – Learning Environment: In order to use relationships, the physical space, materials, daily schedule, and routines to create a secure, interesting, and enjoyable environment that promotes engagement, play exploration, and learning of all children including children with disabilities and special needs, I do the following: †¢I have made sure that all Centers are laid out to help Children better benefit in learning. By putting the quite, busy messy centers together. †¢We also have an ABC carpet that’s just for group time. Limit 10 to 15mins †¢I have put out many different learning activities for each center. Reading has lots of books, writing has name cards letter strips, Dramatic Play table toys has theme related items. Blocks have cars, animals, dollhouse furniture. Science has Theme related items Art I put out different things weekly to keep the Creativity going. †¢Also during the day we have group time twice, free time, small groups twice, outdoor play twice when weather permits nap.

Discuss Four Models Of Strategic Change Business Essay

Discuss Four Models Of Strategic Change Business Essay Now-a-days all organizations are facing a variety of challenges caused by change in internal and/or external environment of the organization. Change itself is changing at ever increasing rate resulting in uncertainty and insecurity. For organizations to carry through growth and development stage need to have a proactive approach to strategic change management. There are many theories about how to manage change. John P Kotter, Leadership and change management expert, introduced his eight-step change process which is very successful. According to these steps: 1: Establish a sense of Urgency When some people in the organization notice some susceptibility, need to change takes place. It then involves simplifying goals and objectives, setting deadlines, establish consequences and finally feedback. It motivates the people and leads them to action. 2: Form a Powerful guiding Coalition It highlights the level of uncertainty involved and the level of collaboration that is required to overcome the resistance to change. Generally starts with one or two people then gradually grows involving more and more people who believe that change is in anyway unimportant. 3: Create a Vision for Change When you first start thinking about change, there will probably be many great ideas and solutions floating around. Link these concepts to an overall vision that people can grasp easily and remember. 4: Communicate the Vision What you do with your vision after you create it will determine your success. Your message will probably have strong competition from other day-to-day communications within the company, so you need to communicate it frequently and powerfully, and embed it within everything that you do. 5: Remove Obstacles If you follow these steps and reach this point in the change process, youve been talking about your vision and building buy-in from all levels of the organization. Hopefully, your staff wants to get busy and achieve the benefits that youve been promoting. 6: Create Short-term Wins Nothing motivates more than success. Give your company a taste of success early in the change process. Within a short time frame (this could be a month or a year, depending on the type of change), youll want to have results that your staff can see. Without this, critics and negative thinkers might hurt your progress. 7: Build on the Change According to Kotter that many change projects fail because success is declared too early. Real change runs deep. Quick success are only the beginning of what needs to be done to achieve long-term change. 8: Anchor the Changes in Corporate Culture Finally, to make any change stick, it should become part of the core of your organization. Your corporate culture often determines what gets done, so the values behind your vision must show in day-to-day work. Model 2: Then there is another theorist Kubler-Ross who presents five stages transition cycle and according to Kubblers model for many years, people with terminal illnesses were an embarrassment for doctors. Someone who could not be cured was evidence of the doctors fallibility, and as a result the doctors regularly shunned the dying with the excuse that there was nothing more that could be done (and that there was plenty of other demand on the doctors time). Elizabeth Kà ¼bler-Ross was a doctor in Switzerland who railed against this unkindness and spent a lot of time with dying people, both comforting and studying them. She wrote a book, called On Death and Dying which included a cycle of emotional states that is often referred to (but not exclusively called) the Grief Cycle. The Extended Grief Cycle The Extended Grief Cycle can be shown as in the chart below, indicating the roller-coaster ride of activity and passivity as the person wriggles and turns in their desperate efforts to avoid the change. The initial state before the cycle is received is stable, at least in terms of the subsequent reaction on hearing the bad news. Compared with the ups and downs to come, even if there is some variation, this is indeed a stable state. And then, into the calm of this relative paradise, a bombshell bursts. Denial stage: Trying to avoid the inevitable. Anger stage: Frustrated outpouring of bottled-up emotion. Bargaining stage: Seeking in vain for a way out. Depression stage: Final realization of the inevitable. Acceptance stage: Finally finding the way forward. Model 3: While many change management projects focus on the steps necessary for organisational change, ADKAR emphasises that successful organisational change occurs only when each person is able to transition successfully. The ADKAR model consists of five sequential steps or actions: Awareness of the need for change. Understanding why change is necessary is the first key aspect of successful change. Planned communication is essential. When this step is successfully completed the individual (employee) will fully understand why change is necessary. Desire to participate in and support the change. In this step the individual is able to reach a point where they make a personal decision to support the change and participate in the change. Building desire is partly achieved by addressing incentives for the individual and creating a desire to be a part of the change. Knowledge on how to change. The third building block of the model, providing knowledge about the change, can be achieved through normal training and education methods. Other methods of transferring knowledge, such as coaching, forums and mentoring, are equally useful, so dont limit this process to formal training. Ability to implement required skills and behaviors. In the ADKAR model Ability is the difference between theory and practice. Once knowledge on how to change is in place (theory) the practice, or actual performance of the individual, needs to be supported. Reinforcement to sustain the change. This final stage of the model is an essential component in which efforts to sustain the change are emphasised. Ensuring that changes stay in place and that individuals do not revert to old ways can be achieved through positive feedback, rewards, recognition, measuring performance and taking corrective actions. Model 4:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The McKinsey 7S model involves seven interdependent factors which are categorized as either hard or soft elements: Hard   Elements Strategy Structure Systems Soft Elements Shared Values Skills Style Staff Hard elements are easier to define or identify and management can directly influence them: These are strategy statements; organization charts and reporting lines; and formal processes and IT systems. Soft elements, on the other hand, can be more difficult to describe, and are less tangible and more influenced by culture. However, these soft elements are as important as the hard elements if the organization is going to be successful. Task 1: B) Evaluate the relevance of these models of Strategic Change to the Zurich Financial Services Plc in the current economy. (LO 1.2) Explanation:   Above discussed all four models have a value in the change management strategy but how can we evaluate these models according to the current economical condition of Zurich Financial Services Ltd. Lets have a look one by one to all given models and apply them to the Case Study given above. Zurich Financial Services Ltd. is established since past five decades and committed to customers satisfaction companys all stakeholders and its employees devotedly working with the company but the companys decision of expanding globally create a kind of uncertainty among its employees as well as its other stakeholders. So why this is happening? And what should company need to overcome this issue? According to Kubler-Ross transition cycle stakeholders of Zurich Financial company after hearing the decision of expansion have a kind of uncertainty about company and their own future in this way there is possible way of stakeholders to start looking some other place for their better and stable future and in this way employees are right on their side but if company creates a sense of belongingness with its stakeholders and give them importance clarify its decision and its need for not only companys own but also for the more incentives for its stakeholders then according to this model stakeholder will realize the change process more easily and support the decision as compared to resist on it. Proscis model is saying the same thing but in different way and according to ADKAR awareness of need of change should be established among employees and that awareness create a kind of future incentives desire in stakeholders then company provide knowledge or ability required for change that what steps should company required for future development and how to continue these skills and abilities for longer term sustainability. McKinseys 7S are clearly defined all the elements which are directly and indirectly effect the companys decision hard elements are easily to be carried with the decision taken by Zurich company but this is not possible for company to carried soft element also with its decision at the same time because soft elements required some time to accept any kind of change in their way of working or routine methodology. So in short according to current economic condition company will not be able to carried out its decision without keeping all the aspects in mind and by doing so company will face an unbearable resistance globally which will not in favor of companys future. Task 1: C) Asses the value of using strategic intervention techniques in organaization. (LO 1.3) Explanation: Any organizational development process starts with the identification of problems that can be solved within the organization. This process progresses through different stages and determines satisfactory progress made for additional involvement. The procedure is cyclic and terminates only when desired result is obtained. It can also be a series of trial and error and a discovery of the best practices that can be implemented in the organization. Zurich Financial Services Ltd. is facing tha same problem but by using strategic change management model this company will be able to change its current cenario and remove all the obstacles with its strategic intervention and such interventions not only provide a boost to the company but also help it out to make a place in the global business what interventions will be more helpful for its productivity ? These are: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Problem identification à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Situational assessment à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Action planning/ planning of the intervention à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Implement plan/ implementing the intervention à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Gather data/ collect data to evaluate the intervention à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Determining the results à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Feedback By using these techniques as the companys future strategy interventions Zurich Financial Services Ltd. have bright chances not oly for its globally growth but also meet the up coming challenges with its strong team of all stakeholders.

Shakespeares Macbeth - Aristotelian Tragedy :: Macbeth essays

Macbeth: Aristotelian Tragedy The definition of tragedy in an excerpt from Aristotle's "Poetics" is the re-creation, complete within itself, of an important moral action. The relevance of Aristotle's Poetics to Shakespeare's play Macbeth defines the making of a dramatic tragedy and presents the general principles of the construction of this genre. Aristotle's attention throughout most of his Poetics is directed towards the requirements and expectations of the plot. Plot, 'the soul of tragedy', Aristotle says, must, be an imitation of a noble and complete action. In Macbeth, Shakespear provides a complete action, that is it has what Aristotle identifies as a beginning, a middle, and an end. These divisible sections must, and do in the case of Macbeth, meet the criterion of their respective placement. In an excerpt from Aristotle's "Poetics" it states: "The separate parts into which tragedy is divided are: Prologue, Episode, Exodus, Choric songs, this last being divided into Parodos and Stasimon. The prologos is that entire part of a tragedy which precedes the Parodos of the Chorus. The Episode is that entire part of a tragedy which is between complete choric songs. The Exodos is that entire part of a tragedy which has no choric song after it. Of the Choric part the Parodos is the first undivided utterance of the Chorus." Shakespeare follows this precise arrangement of parts to tell his story of Macbeth. Macbeth is divided into five acts. It contains a Prologue, Episode, Exodus, Parodos and Stasimon, but is the only one of Shakespeares plays that does not include Choric songs. This does not dismiss Macbeth as a tragedy in the Aristotelian sense, because it still follows Aristotle's fundamental component of a plot. That the arrangement of actions and episodes arrange themselves into a 'causally connected', seamless whole. The ideal arrangement of action into a plot is: Exposition, Inciting Action, Rising Action, Turning Point(Climax), Falling Action, and Denouement. Macbeth follows each of these steps while introducing a new question every moment that keeps our interest. That is called dramatic tension, a very important part of a tragedy: to keep the audiences attention at all times. To make Macbeth's plot a complete action, according to Aristotle, the story must contain an activating circumstance, a disclosure, and a reversal of action. The activating circumstance in Macbeth is the three witches. Macbeth and Banqou meet three witches that posses supernatural powers and predict the two men's futures. It is part of the wicked sisters' role in the play to act as the forces of fate. These hags lead Macbeth on to destroy himself. Their

Bms Project Flow

Flow of the project †¢ Title Page †¢ Declaration †¢ Certificate †¢ Acknowledgement †¢ Executive Summary †¢ Index with Page numbers o Introduction ? Objective of the study ? Sources of data and methodology o Primary data collected (Body-main text) o Summary of findings and conclusion o Appendix (Pie diagram, tables†¦) o Bibliography o Annexure ? 1. 1 Sample Questionnaire/Interview ? 1. 2 Letter from corporate Note †¢ TWO Black HARD Bound copies to be printed with digital gold embossing on the top †¢ No borders †¢ Minimum 60 pages †¢ Font type: Times New Roman †¢ Font size: o Heading: 14 o Body: 12 †¢ Margin: 1. 5 (Left side), 1 (other sides) Line Spacing: 1. 5 †¢ Alignment: Justify (Cntrl +J) †¢ Paper size: A4 †¢ Print Layout: Portrait only A PROJECT REPORT ON SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF BACHELORS OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES L. S RAHEJA COLLEGE OF ARTS AND COMMERCE UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI ACADEMIC YEAR 2012 -13 SUMITED BY: PROJECT GUIDE: DECLARATION This is to certify that the project report entitled ‘†_________† is submitted by me in partial fulfillment of the requirement of Bachelors of Management Studies in the academic year 2012-2013. The information it comprises of is true and original as per my research and observation. ___________________Signature of the student () CERTIFICATE This is to certify that ________ has completed the project under the guidance of Prof______ in the academic year 2012-2013 and has submitted the same to the University of Mumbai in partial fulfillment of the requirement of the Bachelors of Management Studies course. ______________________ Signature of the Principal (Dr. Ms. M. B. Madlani) ______________________ Signature of the Project Guide (Prof. ) ______________________ Signature of the External Examiner ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my gratitude to all those who gave me the possibility to complete this project report.I am de eply indebted to my guide Prof. , whose help, stimulating suggestions and encouragement helped me in my research in order to prepare this report. I am thankful to my course coordinators, Prof. Kruti Shah and Prof. Juhi Sapra, of Bachelors of Management Studies department for all their help, support, interest and valuable insights. I also want to thank ___________. , for all his assistance on the topic and for sharing his expertise in order to make my project do justice to the learning’s of the topic. ———————– NO page numbers, NO headers and footers

Interview: Pharmacist

Page R Smith Lean Visuals is the youngest and newest PhD pharmacist in our pharmacy, it is for this reason I choose to interview her. She is responsible for checking medications for drug interactions, correct data entry, counseling patients, maintaining a correct narcotic inventory, interacting with doctors' offices on behalf of patients to obtain new prescriptions or for medication therapy management.Some of her interpersonal Job duties include the management of technicians, and delegate work load within the pharmacy environment when needed due to increased need in an rear, and most importantly how to balance an regulate the corporate aspects and responsibilities of her positions while maintaining the integrity of the customers health care needs. The facility in we work in is a chain corporate retail pharmacy with front store attached. Our pharmacy currently services a growing community and fills approximately three thousand eight hundred prescriptions a week.This includes pharmacis t counseling patients, compounding medications, and vaccinations. Our technicians other responsibilities include filling prescriptions, maintenance of a script pro machine holding one hundred of our fasting moving drugs, billing of insurance companies, insurance over rides for lost prescriptions, mail order over rides, vacation supply over rides. Our pharmacy operates with three pharmacists on a rotating schedule, where two pharmacist work ten hour days in the pharmacy overlapping each other.In the state of Massachusetts a pharmacist can work with a ratio of two nationally certified and tow non-certified technicians under their license; or one nationally certified technician and one intern and two state level technicians. Counseling occurs mostly on new prescriptions and over the counter medications. Customers are concerned about when to take medications, how to take the medications; for example with or without food to buffer against stomach upset.When counseling is being sought for over the counter medications, the pharmacist must ask what the most prominent symptoms are and what other medications the patient may be on before making a recommendation. According to the interview with Lean the most important attributes for success as a retail pharmacist when giving advice to customers in regards to over the counter medications are the following. If you are questioning yourself in regards to an answer about a medication do not be afraid to let the patient know you need to reference the answer before giving it; you cannot remember everything.Also, there may not be a recommendation for every patient based upon symptoms and age. If you feel that there is no appropriate medicine that will assist the patient do not feel pressured into providing the patient with an answer simply tell them there is nothing that can help them with their particular issue. Customer base in a retail setting are local community members and people visiting needing to fill medications. The pha rmacy receives prescriptions through several different methods. We receive prescriptions hard copies brought in directly from providers.We acquire patients from other retails pharmacies in the area and even other sister stores with our chain. The majority of our patients fill maintenance prescriptions either monthly or every ninety days; which is a growing trend in pharmacy care. Other types of prescriptions filled include emergency room prescriptions for acute conditions and hospice prescriptions. Prescriptions in a pharmacy are classified into three different categories for filing purposes. They are class six which are drugs that are class six drugs, non-controlled substances.Controlled Substances which are for drugs classified XIII-C.V.. Finally, narcotics or prescriptions which are medications or drugs classified as Cell's. Medications are classified as controlled substances or narcotics based upon the levels for potential abuse or addiction properties. Leanness career in pharma cy began as a technician at the age of 16 in a pharmacy. She obtained her mandatory state license for technicians after working in the pharmacy for one thousand hours, and maintained his licenser while attending college and working in the pharmacy.She received her bachelor's degree from Worcester State University. Then applied and was accepted to the advanced program of Mass College of Pharmacy in Worcester. Where she graduated in from in 2010 and began working as a full time pharmacist with our company. During this entire time she worked either as a technician or intern for our company while attending school; the designation was dependent upon her level of schooling at the time. The educational requirements necessary to become a pharmacist is doctorate in Pharmacy.Upon obtain the educational requirements you must then pass your states respective law examination and the National Association of Pharmacists Exam to become a licensed Pharmacists. Then every year to maintain your licens e you must take fifteen continuing educational credits. These credits have some specific requirements two of them must be in the field of medical law based and five credits must be obtained at a live seminar. These credits must be submitted to the Board of Pharmacy each year before your license expires with the cost of renewal.When posed with question of whether or not pharmacy education prepares oh for being a pharmacist in a retail environment Lean felt divided over her answer. She felt that the level of schooling prepared new pharmacist adequately to answer medical questions in regards to medications and drug interactions. Where she felt school could not prepare you for in the field was how to deal with the interpersonal aspects of the Job. On the Job training of managing other team members was not a skill she learned until being hired as pharmacist as well.The dealing with customer's issues in a delicate but professional manner while adhering o corporate policies and maintaining your own personal integrity. When asked how you interact with other co-workers in your environment her response was, â€Å"sometimes it is difficult to draw the line between friend and supervisor†. She finds that due to her being a young pharmacist of twenty four. Having employees that are either your senior in age or in experience with the company time frame wise makes managing them difficult.They don't always feel your decisions are valid and may not agree or respect your choices, thus choosing to ignore them. Regardless of your underlings' age or rank within the company you must remember do what you feel is correct and encourage your staff to as well even if it involves disciplinary measures. Years and processing it and making your own decisions is still the best way to allow your staff a voice and be a fair supervisor.When asked to compare pharmacist positions in other organizations Lean referred to her husband who works as a pharmacist in a local hospital. The pharmacy setting deals with slightly different setup as they do not have to handle the public however they also must deal with a lit-level hospital full of nurses and doctors which provided similar demands. Their pharmacy also has the added demand of dealing with intravenous drug dispensing and making sure that the units and dilutions are correct. † As a pharmacist in a faced paced environment with numerous demands being thrust upon you at any given moment you need to take the time to check aspect of a prescription and reference your answers before you give them if necessary so that medications errors are not made The two most important attributes for success as a pharmacist in health care today are the ability to multicast and patience. When asked this question the example she provided was Mimi may be asked to check 3 waiters, perform 2 flu shots and give consultation too waiting patient all at once.You need to prioritize which to do first concentrate on what you are doing at that par ticular moment and maintain your composure throughout. This is an exemplary description of how many directions our pharmacists are pulled in on a daily basis. When asked about patience she stated that as a pharmacist you must have patience not only with customers but also with coworkers and the environment in general; hat it is necessary to not become overwhelmed unduly stressed. How do you see the field of retail pharmacist developing in the future?The greatest change in retail pharmacy this year was the pharmacist immunization program where nearly all staff pharmacist where mandated to become minimizing pharmacists. This was due to the severity of the flu season and the push by corporate entities for flu shots to be administered. Software developments keep adapting to attempt to meet the needs of the customer base, we now have acute prescriptions which moves antibiotics and main medications up in time frame knowing patients will be down sooner in need of them.These types of advanc ements are supposed to help the pharmacy and the pharmacists balance the patients' needs the actual health care or medicine and the basic needs of the corporate environment. Finding the point at which the medicine or health care aspect meets the needs of the patients and the corporate needs actually balance without one overwhelming the other or interfering with the needs of the other is the true challenge of retail pharmacist's Job. In conclusion pharmacists re everyday heroes performing at their peak every day for ten hours a day checking up to seven hundred prescriptions daily some days.Doing their best to ensure errors are not made for the sake of customer safety. Helping the community on a daily basis with recommendations and ensuring their patients safety from medical over dose and drug interactions that may have been missed by patients physicians; or due to the fact patients have multiple physicians. Generally looking out for the well-being of their clients and ensuring their best interests and being taken into consideration on a daily basis. References: